211. A company has deployed its AWS environment in a single AWS Region. The environment consists of a few hundred application VPCs, a shared services VPC, and a VPN connection to the company’s on-premises environment. A network engineer needs to implement a transit gateway with the following requirements:
• Application VPCs must be isolated from each other.
• Bidirectional communication must be allowed between the application VPCs and the on-premises network.
• Bidirectional communication must be allowed between the application VPCs and the shared services VPC.
The network engineer creates the transit gateway with options disabled for default route table association and default route table propagation. The network engineer also creates the VPN attachment for the on-premises network and creates the VPC attachments for the application VPCs and the shared services VPC.
The network engineer must meet all the requirements for the transit gateway by designing a solution that needs the least number of transit gateway route tables.
Which combination of actions should the network engineer perform to accomplish this goal? (Choose two.)
A. Configure a separate transit gateway route table for on premises. Associate the VPN attachment with this transit gateway route table. Propagate all application VPC attachments to this transit gateway route table.
B. Configure a separate transit gateway route table for each application VPC. Associate each application VPC attachment with its respective transit gateway route table. Propagate the shared services VPC attachment and the VPN attachment to this transit gateway route table.
C. Configure a separate transit gateway route table for all application VPCs. Associate all application VPCs with this transit gateway route table. Propagate the shared services VPC attachment and the VPN attachment to this transit gateway route table.
D. Configure a separate transit gateway route table for the shared services VPC. Associate the shared services VPC attachment with this transit gateway route table. Propagate all application VPC attachments to this transit gateway route table.
E. Configure a separate transit gateway route table for on premises and the shared services VPC. Associate the VPN attachment and the shared services VPC attachment with this transit gateway route table. Propagate all application VPC attachments to this transit gateway route table.
Answer
C, E
212. A company has an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between its existing VPC and on-premises network. The default DHCP options set is associated with the VPC. The company has an application that is running on an Amazon Linux 2 Amazon EC2 instance in the VPC. The application must retrieve an Amazon RDS database secret that is stored in AWS Secrets Manager through a private VPC endpoint. An on-premises application provides internal RESTful API service that can be reached by URL (https://api.example.internal). Two on-premises Windows DNS servers provide internal DNS resolution.
The application on the EC2 instance needs to call the internal API service that is deployed in the on-premises environment. When the application on the EC2 instance attempts to call the internal API service by referring to the hostname that is assigned to the service, the call fails. When a network engineer tests the API service call from the same EC2 instance by using the API service’s IP address, the call is successful.
What should the network engineer do to resolve this issue and prevent the same problem from affecting other resources in the VPC?
A. Create a new DHCP options set that specifies the on-premises Windows DNS servers. Associate the new DHCP options set with the existing VPC. Reboot the Amazon Linux 2 EC2 instance.
B. Create an Amazon Route 53 Resolver rule. Associate the rule with the VPC. Configure the rule to forward DNS queries to the on-premises Windows DNS servers if the domain name matches example.internal.
C. Modify the local host file in the Amazon Linux 2 EC2 instance in the VPMap the service domain name (api.example.internal) to the IP address of the internal API service.
D. Modify the local /etc/resolv.conf file in the Amazon Linux 2 EC2 instance in the VPC. Change the IP addresses of the name servers in the file to the IP addresses of the company’s on-premises Windows DNS servers.
Answer
B
213. A company has several production applications across different accounts in the AWS Cloud. The company operates from the us-east-1 Region only. Only certain partner companies can access the applications. The applications are running on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances are in private subnets and allow traffic only from the ALB. The ALB is in a public subnet and allows inbound traffic only from partner network IP address ranges over port 80.
When the company adds a new partner, the company must allow the IP address range of the partner network in the security group that is associated with the ALB in each account. A network engineer must implement a solution to centrally manage the partner network IP address ranges.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?
A. Create an Amazon DynamoDB table to maintain all IP address ranges and security groups that need to be updated. Update the DynamoDB table with the new IP address range when the company adds a new partner. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to read new IP address ranges and security groups from the DynamoDB table to update the security groups. Deploy this solution in all accounts.
B. Create a new prefix list. Add all allowed IP address ranges to the prefix list. Use Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rules to invoke an AWS Lambda function to update security groups whenever a new IP address range is added to the prefix list. Deploy this solution in all accounts.
C. Create a new prefix list. Add all allowed IP address ranges to the prefix list. Share the prefix list across different accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM). Update security groups to use the prefix list instead of the partner IP address range. Update the prefix list with the new IP address range when the company adds a new partner.
D. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to maintain all IP address ranges and security groups that need to be updated. Update the S3 bucket with the new IP address range when the company adds a new partner. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to read new IP address ranges and security groups from the S3 bucket to update the security groups. Deploy this solution in all accounts.
Answer
C
214. A company uses a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to connect its AWS environment to its on-premises data center. The connection provides employees with access to an application VPC that is hosted on AWS. Many remote employees use a company-provided VPN to connect to the data center. These employees are reporting slowness when they access the application during business hours. On-premises users have started to report similar slowness while they are in the office.
The company plans to build an additional application on AWS. On-site and remote employees will use the additional application. After the deployment of this additional application, the company will need 20% more bandwidth than the company currently uses. With the increased usage, the company wants to add resiliency to the AWS connectivity. A network engineer must review the current implementation and must make improvements within a limited budget.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Set up a new 1 Gbps Direct Connect dedicated connection to accommodate the additional traffic load from remote employees and the additional application. Create a link aggregation group (LAG).
B. Deploy an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to the application VPC. Configure the on-premises routing for the remote employees to connect to the Site-to-Site VPN connection.
C. Deploy Amazon Workspaces into the application VPInstruct the remote employees to connect to Workspaces.
D. Replace the existing 1 Gbps Direct Connect connection with two new 2 Gbps Direct Connect hosted connections. Create an AWS Client VPN endpoint in the application VPC. Instruct the remote employees to connect to the Client VPN endpoint.
Answer
B
215. A company has a global network and is using transit gateways to connect AWS Regions together. The company finds that two Amazon EC2 instances in different Regions are unable to communicate with each other. A network engineer needs to troubleshoot this connectivity issue.
What should the network engineer do to meet this requirement?
A. Use AWS Network Manager Route Analyzer to analyze routes in the transit gateway route tables and in the VPC route tables. Use VPC flow logs to analyze the IP traffic that security group rules and network ACL rules accept or reject in the VPC.
B. Use AWS Network Manager Route Analyzer to analyze routes in the transit gateway route tables. Verify that the VPC route tables are correct. Use AWS Firewall Manager to analyze the IP traffic that security group rules and network ACL rules accept or reject in the VPC.
C. Use AWS Network Manager Route Analyzer to analyze routes in the transit gateway route tables. Verify that the VPC route tables are correct. Use VPC flow logs to analyze the IP traffic that security group rules and network ACL rules accept or reject in the VPC.
D. Use VPC Reachability Analyzer to analyze routes in the transit gateway route tables. Verify that the VPC route tables are correct. Use VPC flow logs to analyze the IP traffic that security group rules and network ACL rules accept or reject in the VPC.
Answer
C
216. A company’s security guidelines state that all outbound traffic from a VPC to the company’s on-premises data center must pass through a security appliance. The security appliance runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. A network engineer needs to improve the network performance between the on-premises data center and the security appliance.
Which actions should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Use an EC2 instance that supports enhanced networking.
B. Send outbound traffic through a transit gateway.
C. Increase the EC2 instance size.
D. Place the EC2 instance in a placement group within the VPC.
E. Attach multiple elastic network interfaces to the EC2 instance.
Answer
A, C
217. A company’s application team is unable to launch new resources into its VPC. A network engineer discovers that the VPC has run out of usable IP addresses. The VPC CIDR block is 172.16.0.0/16.
Which additional CIDR block can the network engineer attach to the VPC?
A. 172.17.0.0/29
B. 10.0.0.0/16
C. 172.17.0.0/16
D. 192.168.0.0/16
Answer
C
218. A financial trading company is using Amazon EC2 instances to run its trading platform. Part of the company’s trading platform includes a third-party pricing service that the EC2 instances communicate with over UDP on port 50000.
Recently, the company has had problems with the pricing service. Some of the responses from the pricing service appear to be incorrectly formatted and are not being processed successfully. The third-party vendor requests access to the data that the pricing service is returning. The third-party vendor wants to capture request and response data for debugging by logging in to an EC2 instance that accesses the pricing service. The company prohibits direct access to production systems and requires all log analysis to be performed in a dedicated monitoring account.
Which set of steps should a network engineer take to capture the data and meet these requirements?
A. 1. Configure VPC flow logs to capture the data that flows in the VPC.
2. Send the data to an Amazon S3 bucket.
3. In the monitoring account, extract the data that flows to the EC2 instance’s IP address and filter the traffic for the UDP data.
4. Provide the data to the third-party vendor.
B. 1. Configure a traffic mirror filter to capture the UDP data.
2. Configure Traffic Mirroring to capture the traffic for the EC2 instance’s elastic network interface.
3. Configure a packet inspection package on a new EC2 instance in the production environment. Use the elastic network interface of the new EC2 instance as the target for the traffic mirror.
4. Extract the data by using the packet inspection package.
5. Provide the data to the third-party vendor.
C. 1. Configure a traffic mirror filter to capture the UDP data.
2. Configure Traffic Mirroring to capture the traffic for the EC2 instance’s elastic network interface.
3. Configure a packet inspection package on a new EC2 instance in the monitoring account. Use the elastic network interface of the new EC2 instance as the target for the traffic mirror.
4. Extract the data by using the packet inspection package.
5. Provide the data to the third-party vendor.
D. 1. Create a new Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Attach the EBS volume to the EC2 instance.
2. Log in to the EC2 instance in the production environment. Run the tcpdump command to capture the UDP data on the EBS volume.
3. Export the data from the EBS volume to Amazon S3.
4. Provide the data to the third-party vendor.
Answer
C
219. A company’s network engineer is configuring an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between a transit gateway and the company’s on-premises network. The Site-to-Site VPN connection is configured to use BGP over two tunnels in active/active mode with equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing activated on the transit gateway.
When the network engineer attempts to send traffic from the on-premises network to an Amazon EC2 instance, traffic is sent over the first tunnel. However, return traffic is received over the second tunnel and is dropped at the customer gateway. The network engineer must resolve this issue without reducing the overall VPN bandwidth.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure the customer gateway to use AS PATH prepending and local preference to prefer one tunnel over the other.
B. Configure the Site-to-Site VPN options to set the first tunnel as the primary tunnel to eliminate asymmetric routing.
C. Configure the virtual tunnel interfaces on the customer gateway to allow asymmetric routing.
D. Configure the Site-to-Site VPN to use static routing in active/active mode to ensure that traffic flows over a preferred path.
Answer
C
220. A company’s existing AWS environment contains public application servers that run on Amazon EC2 instances. The application servers run in a VPC subnet. Each server is associated with an Elastic IP address.
The company has a new requirement for firewall inspection of all traffic from the internet before the traffic reaches any EC2 instances. A security engineer has deployed and configured a Gateway Load Balancer (GLB) in a standalone VPC with a fleet of third-party firewalls.
How should a network engineer update the environment to ensure that the traffic travels across the fleet of firewalls?
A. Deploy a transit gateway. Attach a GLB endpoint to the transit gateway. Attach the application VPC to the transit gateway. Update the application subnet route table’s default route destination to be the GLB endpoint. Ensure that the EC2 instances’ security group allows traffic from the GLB endpoint.
B. Update the application subnet route table to have a default route to the GLOn the standalone VPC that contains the firewall fleet, add a route in the route table for the application VPC’s CIDR block with the GLB endpoint as the destination. Update the EC2 instances’ security group to allow traffic from the GLB.
C. Provision a GLB endpoint in the application VPC in a new subnet. Create a gateway route table with a route that specifies the application subnet CIDR block as the destination and the GLB endpoint as the target. Associate the gateway route table with the internet gateway in the application VPUpdate the application subnet route table’s default route destination to be the GLB endpoint.
D. Instruct the security engineer to move the GLB into the application VPC. Create a gateway route table. Associate the gateway route table with the application subnet. Add a default route to the gateway route table with the GLB as its destination. Update the route table on the GLB to direct traffic from the internet gateway to the application servers. Ensure that the EC2 instances’ security group allows traffic from the GLB.
Answer
C
221. A network engineer is designing a hybrid networking environment that will connect a company’s corporate network to the company’s AWS environment. The AWS environment consists of 30 VPCs in 3 AWS Regions.
The network engineer needs to implement a solution to centrally filter traffic by using a firewall that the company’s security team has approved. The solution must give all the VPCs the ability to connect to each other. Connectivity between AWS and the corporate network must meet a minimum bandwidth requirement of 2 Gbps.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Deploy an IPsec VPN connection between the corporate network and a new transit gateway. Connect all VPCs to the transit gateway. Associate the approved firewall with the transit gateway.
B. Deploy a single 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the corporate network and virtual private gateway of each VPC. Connect the virtual private gateways to a Direct Connect gateway. Build an IPsec tunnel to a new transit VPC. Deploy the approved firewall to the transit VPC.
C. Deploy two 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connections in different Direct Connect locations to connect to the corporate network. Build a transit VIF on each connection to a Direct Connect gateway. Associate the Direct Connect gateway with a new transit gateway for each Region. Configure the VIFs to use equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing. Connect all the VPCs in the three Regions to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route table to route traffic to an inspection VPDeploy the approved firewall to the inspection VPC.
D. Deploy four 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connections in different Direct Connect locations to connect to the corporate network. Build a transit VIF on each connection to a Direct Connect gateway. Associate the Direct Connect gateway with a new transit gateway for each Region. Connect the transit gateways by using a transit gateway peering attachment. Configure the VIFs to use equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing. Configure transit gateway route tables to route traffic to an inspection VPC. Deploy the approved firewall to the inspection VPC.
Answer
D