131. A company has developed an application on AWS that will track inventory levels of vending machines and initiate the restocking process automatically. The company plans to integrate this application with vending machines and deploy the vending machines in several markets around the world. The application resides in a VPC in the us-east-1 Region. The application consists of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The communication from the vending machines to the application happens over HTTPS.
The company is planning to use an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator and configure static IP addresses of the accelerator in the vending machines for application endpoint access. The application must be accessible only through the accelerator and not through a direct connection over the internet to the ALB endpoint.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure the ALB in a private subnet of the VPC. Attach an internet gateway without adding routes in the subnet route tables to point to the internet gateway. Configure the accelerator with endpoint groups that include the ALB endpoint. Configure the ALB’s security group to only allow inbound traffic from the internet on the ALB listener port.
B. Configure the ALB in a private subnet of the VPC. Configure the accelerator with endpoint groups that include the ALB endpoint. Configure the ALB’s security group to only allow inbound traffic from the internet on the ALB listener port.
C. Configure the ALB in a public subnet of the VPAttach an internet gateway. Add routes in the subnet route tables to point to the internet gateway. Configure the accelerator with endpoint groups that include the ALB endpoint. Configure the ALB’s security group to only allow inbound traffic from the accelerator’s IP addresses on the ALB listener port.
D. Configure the ALB in a private subnet of the VPC. Attach an internet gateway. Add routes in the subnet route tables to point to the internet gateway. Configure the accelerator with endpoint groups that include the ALB endpoint. Configure the ALB’s security group to only allow inbound traffic from the accelerator’s IP addresses on the ALB listener port.
Answer
A
132. A global delivery company is modernizing its fleet management system. The company has several business units. Each business unit designs and maintains applications that are hosted in its own AWS account in separate application VPCs in the same AWS Region. Each business unit’s applications are designed to get data from a central shared services VPC.
The company wants the network connectivity architecture to provide granular security controls. The architecture also must be able to scale as more business units consume data from the central shared services VPC in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST secure manner?
A. Create a central transit gateway. Create a VPC attachment to each application VPC. Provide full mesh connectivity between all the VPCs by using the transit gateway.
B. Create VPC peering connections between the central shared services VPC and each application VPC in each business unit’s AWS account.
C. Create VPC endpoint services powered by AWS PrivateLink in the central shared services VPCreate VPC endpoints in each application VPC.
D. Create a central transit VPC with a VPN appliance from AWS Marketplace. Create a VPN attachment from each VPC to the transit VPC. Provide full mesh connectivity among all the VPCs.
Answer
C
133. A company uses a 4 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection with a link aggregation group (LAG) bundle to connect to five VPCs that are deployed in the us-east-1 Region. Each VPC serves a different business unit and uses its own private VIF for connectivity to the on-premises environment. Users are reporting slowness when they access resources that are hosted on AWS.
A network engineer finds that there are sudden increases in throughput and that the Direct Connect connection becomes saturated at the same time for about an hour each business day. The company wants to know which business unit is causing the sudden increase in throughput. The network engineer must find out this information and implement a solution to resolve the problem.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Review the Amazon CloudWatch metrics for VirtualInterfaceBpsEgress and VirtualInterfaceBpsIngress to determine which VIF is sending the highest throughput during the period in which slowness is observed. Create a new 10 Gbps dedicated connection. Shift traffic from the existing dedicated connection to the new dedicated connection.
B. Review the Amazon CloudWatch metrics for VirtualInterfaceBpsEgress and VirtualInterfaceBpsIngress to determine which VIF is sending the highest throughput during the period in which slowness is observed. Upgrade the bandwidth of the existing dedicated connection to 10 Gbps.
C. Review the Amazon CloudWatch metrics for ConnectionBpsIngress and ConnectionPpsEgress to determine which VIF is sending the highest throughput during the period in which slowness is observed. Upgrade the existing dedicated connection to a 5 Gbps hosted connection.
D. Review the Amazon CloudWatch metrics for ConnectionBpsIngress and ConnectionPpsEgress to determine which VIF is sending the highest throughput during the period in which slowness is observed. Create a new 10 Gbps dedicated connection. Shift traffic from the existing dedicated connection to the new dedicated connection.
Answer
A
134. A software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider hosts its solution on Amazon EC2 instances within a VPC in the AWS Cloud. All of the provider’s customers also have their environments in the AWS Cloud.
A recent design meeting revealed that the customers have IP address overlap with the provider’s AWS deployment. The customers have stated that they will not share their internal IP addresses and that they do not want to connect to the provider’s SaaS service over the internet.
Which combination of steps is part of a solution that meets these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Deploy the SaaS service endpoint behind a Network Load Balancer.
B. Configure an endpoint service, and grant the customers permission to create a connection to the endpoint service.
C. Deploy the SaaS service endpoint behind an Application Load Balancer.
D. Configure a VPC peering connection to the customer VPCs. Route traffic through NAT gateways.
E. Deploy an AWS Transit Gateway, and connect the SaaS VPC to it. Share the transit gateway with the customers. Configure routing on the transit gateway.
Answer
A, B
135. A network engineer is designing the architecture for a healthcare company’s workload that is moving to the AWS Cloud. All data to and from the on-premises environment must be encrypted in transit. All traffic also must be inspected in the cloud before the traffic is allowed to leave the cloud and travel to the on-premises environment or to the internet.
The company will expose components of the workload to the internet so that patients can reserve appointments. The architecture must secure these components and protect them against DDoS attacks. The architecture also must provide protection against financial liability for services that scale out during a DDoS event.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet all these requirements for the workload? (Choose three.)
A. Use Traffic Mirroring to copy all traffic to a fleet of traffic capture appliances.
B. Set up AWS WAF on all network components.
C. Configure an AWS Lambda function to create Deny rules in security groups to block malicious IP addresses.
D. Use AWS Direct Connect with MACsec support for connectivity to the cloud.
E. Use Gateway Load Balancers to insert third-party firewalls for inline traffic inspection.
F. Configure AWS Shield Advanced and ensure that it is configured on all public assets.
Answer
D, E, F
136. A retail company is running its service on AWS. The company’s architecture includes Application Load Balancers (ALBs) in public subnets. The ALB target groups are configured to send traffic to backend Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets. These backend EC2 instances can call externally hosted services over the internet by using a NAT gateway.
The company has noticed in its billing that NAT gateway usage has increased significantly. A network engineer needs to find out the source of this increased usage.
Which options can the network engineer use to investigate the traffic through the NAT gateway? (Choose two.)
A. Enable VPC flow logs on the NAT gateway’s elastic network interface. Publish the logs to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query and analyze the logs.
B. Enable NAT gateway access logs. Publish the logs to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query and analyze the logs.
C. Configure Traffic Mirroring on the NAT gateway’s elastic network interface. Send the traffic to an additional EC2 instance. Use tools such as tcpdump and Wireshark to query and analyze the mirrored traffic.
D. Enable VPC flow logs on the NAT gateway’s elastic network interface. Publish the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create a custom table for the S3 bucket in Amazon Athena to describe the log structure. Use Athena to query and analyze the logs.
E. Enable NAT gateway access logs. Publish the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create a custom table for the S3 bucket in Amazon Athena to describe the log structure. Use Athena to query and analyze the logs.
Answer
A, D
137. A banking company is successfully operating its public mobile banking stack on AWS. The mobile banking stack is deployed in a VPC that includes private subnets and public subnets. The company is using IPv4 networking and has not deployed or supported IPv6 in the environment. The company has decided to adopt a third-party service provider’s API and must integrate the API with the existing environment. The service provider’s API requires the use of IPv6.
A network engineer must turn on IPv6 connectivity for the existing workload that is deployed in a private subnet. The company does not want to permit IPv6 traffic from the public internet and mandates that the company’s servers must initiate all IPv6 connectivity. The network engineer turns on IPv6 in the VPC and in the private subnets.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an internet gateway and a NAT gateway in the VPC. Add a route to the existing subnet route tables to point IPv6 traffic to the NAT gateway.
B. Create an internet gateway and a NAT instance in the VPC. Add a route to the existing subnet route tables to point IPv6 traffic to the NAT instance.
C. Create an egress-only Internet gateway in the VPAdd a route to the existing subnet route tables to point IPv6 traffic to the egress-only internet gateway.
D. Create an egress-only internet gateway in the VPC. Configure a security group that denies all inbound traffic. Associate the security group with the egress-only internet gateway.
Answer
C
138. A company has deployed an AWS Network Firewall firewall into a VPC. A network engineer needs to implement a solution to deliver Network Firewall flow logs to the company’s Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster in the shortest possible time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an AWS Lambda function to load logs into the Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster. Enable Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notifications on the S3 bucket to invoke the Lambda function. Configure flow logs for the firewall. Set the S3 bucket as the destination.
B. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that includes the Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster as the destination. Configure flow logs for the firewall Set the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream as the destination for the Network Firewall flow logs.
C. Configure flow logs for the firewall. Set the Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster as the destination for the Network Firewall flow logs.
D. Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream that includes the Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster as the destination. Configure flow logs for the firewall. Set the Kinesis data stream as the destination for the Network Firewall flow logs.
Answer
B
139. A company is using custom DNS servers that run BIND for name resolution in its VPCs. The VPCs are deployed across multiple AWS accounts that are part of the same organization in AWS Organizations. All the VPCs are connected to a transit gateway. The BIND servers are running in a central VPC and are configured to forward all queries for an on-premises DNS domain to DNS servers that are hosted in an on-premises data center. To ensure that all the VPCs use the custom DNS servers, a network engineer has configured a VPC DHCP options set in all the VPCs that specifies the custom DNS servers to be used as domain name servers.
Multiple development teams in the company want to use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). A development team has created a new EFS file system but cannot mount the file system to one of its Amazon EC2 instances. The network engineer discovers that the EC2 instance cannot resolve the IP address for the EFS mount point fs-33444567d.efs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com. The network engineer needs to implement a solution so that development teams throughout the organization can mount EFS file systems.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Configure the BIND DNS servers in the central VPC to forward queries for efs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com to the Amazon provided DNS server (169.254.169.253).
B. Create an Amazon Route 53 Resolver outbound endpoint in the central VPC. Update all the VPC DHCP options sets to use AmazonProvidedDNS for name resolution.
C. Create an Amazon Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint in the central VPUpdate all the VPC DHCP options sets to use the Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint in the central VPC for name resolution.
D. Create an Amazon Route 53 Resolver rule to forward queries for the on-premises domain to the on-premises DNS servers. Share the rule with the organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM). Associate the rule with all the VPCs.
E. Create an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for the efs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com domain. Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC where the EC2 instance is deployed. Create an A record for fs-33444567d.efs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com in the private hosted zone. Configure the A record to return the mount target of the EFS mount point.
Answer
B, D
140. An ecommerce company is hosting a web application on Amazon EC2 instances to handle continuously changing customer demand. The EC2 instances are part of an Auto Scaling group. The company wants to implement a solution to distribute traffic from customers to the EC2 instances. The company must encrypt all traffic at all stages between the customers and the application servers. No decryption at intermediate points is allowed.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Add an HTTPS listener to the ALB. Configure the Auto Scaling group to register instances with the ALB’s target group.
B. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Configure the distribution with a custom SSL/TLS certificate. Set the Auto Scaling group as the distribution’s origin.
C. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Add a TCP listener to the NLB. Configure the Auto Scaling group to register instances with the NLB’s target group.
D. Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GLB). Configure the Auto Scaling group to register instances with the GLB’s target group.
Answer
C